Theater should satisfy the performance side to drama, music, dance and other performances of the use requirement, and should be considered in development; but also to satisfy the audience's vision and audition requirements. Therefore a certain functional requirements of the theatre in the audience's vision and hearing requirements for the design, the author will from the following several aspects of the analysis on the basic elements of the concrete design methods, to ensure that the theatre better viewing and hearing effect.
1 stage
The stage show is " field", also is the audience " stereoscopic pictures ", so it is very important part in theater. Chinese theater stage has a long history and unique traditions, but the beginning of twenty-first Century, with Europe and the United States, Japan and other countries of the cultural input, a performance space with the change, people's cultural entertainment concept and love towards diversification, led to the theatre features toward diversified development, traditional proscenium, frame box is no longer a stage to outshine others, in recent years in China many end stage, orchestra pit and box off stage, the stage more functions, not only can show can also be a meeting, some may also show stereo wide silver screen film, some additional telescopic table for fashion performance.
From the above the stage form of development, is the key to the architectural design of the audience hall. It and stage design and style of play; it as performing a " field", also is a performance of " equipment ", and is necessary for the drama "environment", these three kinds of features are intertwined, and age is inevitable. However, through the frame stage actors and audience face to face " you see, I play ", or change a little, although there has been a far end and center stage, and the stage proscenium box is still the audience hall performance space of the mainstream.
1.1 stage export
The stage is the audience hall space composition center, regardless of the ceiling tendency, seat, ear, surface light tank centripetal, various construction processing, are strongly like numerous star arch Beidou, highlight its position. Stage frame is the auditorium design according to the high, wide, its size determines the audience hall of the scale; box-like stage size, and even affect the theater type; at the same time, also in the sound stage and auditorium acoustic coupling, as to the audience, throat, hall plays a decisive effect of. In general, the stage of high, wide and a lip size.
1.2 stage
( 1) for the proscenium width -- two times the width of the ( 28-32 m ). In the front of the stage side platforms and performing area on one side or both sides.
( 2) the depth -- General 12-15 m, 16-18 m medium ( the strongest adaptability ), large 19-21 m 19.5m, Beijing capital theater.
Tent and run field corridor should partition partition, ran field door shall be not less than 1.5m, the height of the door shall not be less than 2.4 m ( mainly in order to partition wall door width and height does not affect the actor. ). The inner side wall on the stage should be sound absorption treatment, to prevent the stage space reverberation time is too long or other acoustic defects affecting the performance effect. End type stage can be 9m.
( 3) -- the height should be stage high 2.5 times, with the addition of 1-2 m installation height f to scaffolding commonly known as vineyards along ).
General stage flyover two layer. The first layer from the surface about the footbridge high plus 0.5 m, and with the side of the screen is 1m apart. Amahashi Hiroshi 1.8-2.5 M. On the proscenium side should be set lighting bridge, should not be located in the bridge; and from the proscenium within 1.5 m may not be installed flyover, Eli curtain, curtain rod, such as operation. Second layer bridge at 10.5-11.5 m, is the boom equipment layer, having no less than 200 kg/m2 load.
1.3 stage equipment
The stage boom is generally 3-5 root /m, in the performance area arranged densely, each hanger load is 400 kg about, pole is about 600 kg.
The stage curtain for the big screen f using electric rail pulley ), interlocking mechanism; there are other front curtain, curtain, curtain, side before the two act, act three, scene, light curtain, curtain yarn are electric boom lifting.
A large stage generally have a false proscenium, sometimes turntable, platform, lifting platform, for a fashion show and other special effects with telescopic stage.
A large stage with light cage, in general are light stand.
2 visual
2.1 stadia
According to the characteristics of visual resolution, in the 20-25 m range, we can clearly see the actor's expression, because the actor's performance is in the proscenium within 3-5 m, so the validity of the maximum distance is 18-20 m; but the practice shows that the horizon in 29-30 M can also see the actors of the subtle movements and look, this is because the association effect. Therefore, the audience hall length generally about 30m.
2.2 stereo
The horizon is the greater the people on the actor walking distance to the changes that the change is slow, as in the audience from the stage at the 30m in the actors on the stage position change, only when the change is greater than 0.65 M can feel, if the audience direction of a small step ( m less than 0.65 ), then feel the change, so the stereo sense is very effect.
The 2.3 Perspective
In the case of without rotating the eyes is the most comfortable viewing conditions, the horizontal angle 30 °, 15°angle for; when rotating the absence of eyes, the horizontal viewing angle is 60 °, the angle is 30 °, more than this range is not suitable. So the audience hall and stage the first row of any audience wide angle of horizontal angle, namely general should be controlled at 30-60 degrees range.
The 2.4 cantilever platform
In the majority of the proscenium audience hall with balcony, due to overlooking angle constraints, in order to make the audience see more of a tent, it often can not be too high, and the balcony of the opening height is not too small, so it can reduce the ground floor rises, can say, a small amount of high quality is the front seat to account for more than half of the total number of stalls the audience decline in the quality of the exchange, because this part of the audience is generally vertical perspective is not up to the optimal value, most of the audience watching with elevation, three-dimensional feeling bad, serious block.
2.5 rising slope
In order to make the audience all viewers watch the stage performances, sight from stalls block, usually the audience hall ground in front to back, row by row rising slope. In the general case in curtain line cloth point stage surface, or the higher stage face 300-500 mm as point of view, each row of human height above the ground, according to the 1100 mm, line of sight elevation constant that the human eye and head of the distance between the at 12 cm, calculate the ground rising slope.
3 stage lighting
The stage lighting is from many locations on the lamps on the stage to form a lighting field, provides special artistic effect, show a form of stereopsis, producing dramatic mood and atmosphere. These functions are through a variety of quality, quantity, color and light direction changes made.
Lighting position there is seat and table two categories, for the audience hall space are the stage lighting facilities and location, the request is: surface light onto the stage curtain at the central point of the optical axis and surface angle 45-50 °, not more than 55 deg. Surface light slot opening height should be greater than 0.7 m, to install two rows of lights shall be 1.2 m, its depth is 0.8-1.2 m; side light frame height is 0.8 m, 0.7 m hanging position, and the distance of 0.1 M walkway. Surface light tank high should be greater than 1.8 M. Slap in the face to irradiate the main stage depth, the deeper the better, hope to irradiation to the stage performing a 2/3 area, the irradiation angle of 45°. Slap in the face from the mesa groove should be more than 3m from the proscenium, not less than 6m. In the light of at least 4 rows, each row of 3 lamps. The opening width of 1.7m, lamp frame spacing of 0.7 m, spotlights are usually placed in the hall at the rear end of the upper set 1-2. Stage lighting lighting distribution of each part can be arranged according to table 2.
