One, the art of light effect
( a ), the origin of the art of the sun light, moonlight, starlight and flash accompanied by a primitive life, sunrise and sunset alternately, day and night cycle, primitive man in the light of the bath under the growth reproduction. The invention uses fire, make the mankind has entered a new stage of civilization, the fire is used not only for lighting, heating, barbecue food, in the evening, the original human torch around the fire, lifted rave dance, a pile of blaze flushed a joyful and happy faces, a string of dance of the torch pose serpent dragon, this is the early humans with light constitutes the original light art prototype.
With the fire, candles, oil lamps, gas lamps, lights and artificial sources of invention and creation, human across a stage of civilization into today's lighting the high-tech era, due to the artificial lighting technology and the rapid development of artificial light penetration, the nightlife becomes more and more be rich and varied, the light of art as a new visual art form, the people's living space and more beautiful. In the modern environment art design, stage art design, interior decoration, lighting art has been widely applied.
( two), light of the artistic charm of light effect on visual function is very important, because there is no light there would be no shading and color feeling, also can't see anything. The light is not only visual object shape, space, color physiological need, but also beautify the environment is an indispensable material conditions. The light can form a space, can change the space; can beautify the space, and can damage the space. Different light illuminates not only the various space, but also can create different space artistic conception of mood and atmosphere. The same space, if using different illumination modes, different location, different angle direction, the modelling of lamps and lanterns, different light intensity and color, can obtain a variety of visual spatial effects: such as sometimes bright and spacious, sometimes dark repression; sometimes warm and comfortable, sometimes restless; sometimes festive and cheerful, sometimes gloomy terror; sometimes warm and passionate, sometimes cold cold; sometimes romantic, sometimes produce mystical feeling and so on, light can change unpredictably charm.
In the light, and will produce shading interface and shadow level changes, and visually give stereopsis. If the change of source spectral components, luminous flux, intensity of light, projecting position and direction can produce color, shading, shading, and interface, contour changes, this is the use of light art rendering environment art atmosphere and foil character important means. As a portrait photography, if you take the top light directly illuminating, so, face to apathy, serious, somber feeling; if the diagonal above half side light, then the face contour to the outgoing personality, know a thing or two feeling; if multiple light diffused illumination, then, give a person with easy-going, the feeling of a good mood; if orientation direct lighting, so can give a person with terror, cruel, a feeling of anger. Light is a new form of modern art, artists use glass, ice, transparent plastics is made of transparent materials a variety of form and lighting, light from the internal or external beam radiotherapy, by the projection of light transmission, reflection, refraction and other physical characteristics into full play, which shine with great splendor of stereoscopic art, but also the use of small colored light bulbs, lamp, neon lamp, optical fiber and other materials, to directly form a riot of colours light picture.
The lights and music with each other and the creation of the comprehensive art in modern art and environment art is very popular, such as modern rock star performance, using the lighting brightness, color, intensity, so that the whole stage colors vary from minute to minute, thus allowing fans to revel in a fast-paced fantastic surreal world. Also, lighting and music are also used for musical fountain, Plaza, dance hall, a skating rink and a commercial building environment art atmosphere, the designers use the computer to control the lights and music program, the rhythm of the music in synchronization with the intensity of the light and flicker, thereby obtaining sound, light, color art effect.
In two, the light principle
( a ), mixing three law eyes only for monochromatic light to produce a color, but also for the mixed light, also can produce the same color. For example,520 nm monochromatic light stimulation of human generated green awareness,510nm and530 nm monochromatic light mixing stimulate the human eye can also produce green sleep; and as580 nm monochromatic light stimulation of human produce yellow sleep,700nm and510 nm red light green light mixing stimulate the human eye can also produce yellow sleep, but also human can not feel any difference between the two. Spectrum mixing is a kind of additive color mixing, with3 of the primary colors of light: red ( R ), green ( G ), blue ( B ), mixed in a certain proportion can be obtained by white light or any kind of light spectrum. Glassman will be mixing phenomena into three law: Law of light, intermediate color ferry, instead of law.
Law of complementary colors, each color has another with which it is combined to produce white light, the two light is called the complementary color light. For example, blue light and yellow light, green and purple, red and blue mixed to produce white light.
Intermediate law - two non complementary color light mixed cannot produce white light, its mixed results between intermediate shade. For example, red and green, according to the mixing ratio for different, and that between orange, yellow, yellow orange color.
Law of substitution -- it looks the same color can be made of different spectral composition. As long as the feeling is similar to the color, can be replaced each other. For example, the color light color A = B, C = light color D, A+C = B+D; and as the A+B = C, X+Y = B, A + ( X+Y ) = C, such as: A ( yellow light ) = B ( red + green ), C ( blue ) = D (BD + green ), A ( yellow light ) + C ( blue ) = B ( red + green ) + D (BD + green ), the result is the A ( yellow light ) + C ( blue ) = pale green, B ( red + green ) + D (BD + green ) = Red + Green + Blue + Green = white + Green = pale green. This is the law of substitution. It is in the color optical is a very important law, modern chromatics is on the basis of the theory and the establishment of. Color mixture law of additive color mixing, and dyes, pigments mixed instead, the latter for the subtractive color mixing, the mixing rule is completely the opposite.
( two), primary colors mixed colors in physical theory additive color mixing theory proves, red, green, and blue three primary color light mixed equally produces white light; red light and the green light yellow light equal mixture; red and blue mixed equally produce magenta; green and blue mixed in equal parts produced. If by the letters R, G, B, Y, M, C, W respectively represent the red, green, blue, yellow, green, white goods, can be obtained by type, mixed results:
Green (2G ) + red light, yellow light (2R ) ( Y ) (2R ) red + blue (2B ), product red ( M ) blue (2B ) + green (2G) and ( C ).
Red (2R ) + Green + blue (2G ) (2B ), white ( W ) if the primary colors in the ratio of two to one ratio in the mixture, the result is as follows:
Red + green (2R ) (1G ), orange red (1R ) + green (2G) and yellow red (2R ) + blue (1B ) - eosin
Red (1R ) + blue (2B), purple green (2G ) + blue (1B ), emerald green (1G ) + (2B ), cerulean blue
Because the yellow, green products, which are red, green, blue light color, so it can be expressed as:2R+Y =2R +4R+2G (2R+2G ) =2R+G ( Orange )
2G+Y =2G + (2R+2G ) =4G+2R (2R+M,2G+R ) = 2R + (2B+2R ) = 4R+2B - 2R+B ( eosin )
2B+M =2B +4B+2R (2B+2R ) =2B+R ( purple)2G+C =2G +4G+2B (2B+2G ) =2G+B ( green )
2B+C =2B +4B+2G (2B+2G ) =2B+G ( blue ) as shown in Figure 45, where through the equilateral triangle center point relative to the two complementary to, the mixed results as follows:
Blue (2B ) + yellow light (2G+2R ) =2B+2G+2R (2B+G ) + white light blue light orange ( R+G ) =2B+2G+2R - white
Blue (2B+2G ) + Red (2R ) =2B+2G+2R and white light green (2G+B) + eosin (2R+B ) =2B+2G+2R - white
Green (2G ) + magenta (2B+2R ) =2B+2G+2R (2G+R ) + white yellow green purple (2B+R ) =2B+2G+2R - white
Three, design principles
1functional principles of lighting design must meet the functional requirements, according to different space, different occasions, different objects choose different way of lighting and lighting, and to ensure that the appropriate intensity of illumination and brightness. For example : the conference hall lighting design should adopt vertical illumination, brightness uniformity requirements, avoid glare, generally should use comprehensive lighting; shop window and display of goods, in order to attract customers, generally use the light irradiation to emphasize the key image of goods, its brightness than the general lighting must be higher than 3 ~5times, in order to strengthen the commodity is stereo, texture and advertising effect, often using directional strong lighting and the use of light to enhance the artistic appeal of commodities.
2aesthetic principles of lighting is decorating and beautifying the environment and create artistic atmosphere of the important means. In order to increase interior space decoration, space level, rendering the atmosphere, the decorative lighting, decorative lighting is very important to use. In the modern home furnishing building, theater building, commercial building and entertainment building environment design, lighting becomes a part of the whole. Lamps not only to ensure the function of illumination, but is also very particular about its shape, material, color, proportion, scale, the fixture has become the indispensable ornament of indoor space. Lighting designer by bright light, looming, iambic, strength and rhythm control, and give full play to the light brightness and color effect, using the transmission, reflection, refraction and other means, to create a warm and gentle, quiet elegant, romantic, joyful, magnificent shine with great splendor, happy, lively rhythm, mysterious, whirling and other arts exotic atmosphere, for people's living environment adds a rich and colorful life.
3the principle of economy of lighting is not necessarily more as well, with a strong win, the key is reasonable. Lighting design is to meet people's visual and aesthetic and psychological needs, make interior space maximize utility value and appreciate the value, and to use function and aesthetic function of. Be flashy without substance lighting instead of the icing on the cake, but superfluous cause at the same time, power consumption, energy waste and economic losses, and even cause light pollution and damage the health of the body.
Lighting brightness standard, as the purpose and requirements of different resolution definition, selection standard al, so each are not identical. The Japanese industrial standards adopted in various public buildings of light brightness standard introduction are as follows, for reference only. ( see Schedule) \ m! GqK citron ) _
4 security principles of lighting design demands absolute safety. Due to the lighting from the power supply, must take strict protection against electric shock, preventing circuit and other safety measures, in order to avoid accidents.
( a ) lighting performance
The 1surface light performance surface light refers to indoor ceiling, wall and floor made of luminous surface. The ceiling in the light of the characteristics of uniform illumination, the light is enough, varied forms of expression. As with a daylight lamp ceiling, light density are required to ensure consistent, each space is full of light; and as the large ceiling downlight, ceiling with regular bovine lights, like the night sky dotted with ceiling beam structure; moreover, the design into a light wells, _
The light from the grillage injection, produced have a style of one's own space effect. Light wall generally photo exhibition by. The wall made of hollow double jacketed wall, facing the display side walls made of luminous wall, which is embedded with a plurality of glass box, box set after the light projecting device, forming a light emitting display wall. A large light box advertising also belongs to this kind of lighting.
The ground is made of light the luminous floor, usually a dance floor set, colorful luminous floor, its light and color with electronic sound and rhythm change simultaneously, greatly enhancing the stage show art atmosphere.
The 2optical performance called band light is a light source is arranged in long band. Expression changes in various forms, has a square, lattice, bar, bar lattice, ring ( circular, oval, triangular or other polygonal ). Such as peripheral planar light ceiling, recessed ceiling, light surrounding type frame type light ceiling, recessed ceiling, inner frame type light floor surrounding band, inner frame floor, floor light ring band, cast light, ceiling light, concave groove groove foot concave light tank etc.. Rectangular band has certain guidance, in many people 's public environment design is often used as a guide for lighting, other geometrical optical general for decorative purposes. Fei T Gan _! Darn?
3 points of light spot light is cast light range is small and concentrated light source. Because of its light illumination, mostly for the dining room, bedroom, study and other places of the stage window, direct lighting or lighting. Light style diversity, a top light, floor light, Shun light, backlighting, side light.
Top light - top-down lighting, similar to a summer noon sunlight. Light object projection, the contrast of light and shade is not strong, modeling light. At the end of light - bottom lighting, suitable for auxiliary light distribution.
Shun light - - come from the front lighting, projection light, light body color appearing completely, but stereo feeling bad. Backlighting - from positive rear lighting, light body outer contour, with artistic charm of the silhouette effect, is the art of photography and commonly used in stage canopy light distribution.
Side light - light from left and right and left, right, left, right under the direction of the irradiation light object projection, clear, strong sense of three-dimensional, rich layers, is one of the most receptive to the illumination mode.
4static lighting and lighting Lamps lighting - flow static fixed, light remained static, no flashing lights for static lighting. The vast majority of indoor lighting using static lighting, the lighting system, can make full use of light energy, and create a stable, gentle, harmonious atmosphere of luminous environment, suitable for schools, factories, office buildings, shopping mall, exhibition and other places.
Flow of light - is the flow of lighting the way, it has a rich artistic expressive force, is the lighting and urban neon lights advertising design, the commonly used method in. If used on the stage" chasing lights", constantly chasing mobile actors, such as advertising and neon lighting
